What You Need To Know About Collegeboard SAT Essay Samples

<h1>What You Need To Know About Collegeboard SAT Essay Samples</h1><p>Collegeboard SAT Essay tests are very useful in understanding what ought to be done in an exposition. These examples are extraordinary for understanding the organization of the paper and all the essential advances that one needs to take so as to compose a decent exposition. So as to make the procedure simpler, this article will give you a few hints and deceives on the most proficient method to utilize these examples recorded as a hard copy your own essay.</p><p></p><p>The first thing that you have to do when utilizing these examples is to have an away from of what the example is going to comprise of. You have to comprehend the motivation behind the example and the sort of article that you need to compose. For instance, on the off chance that you are searching for an example of the article type called Understanding Essay Examples, you have to realize that this example has fo ur areas. You should simply to search for the four segments that are remembered for the example and you will recognize what the example comprises of.</p><p></p><p>The Collegeboard SAT test should comprise of three areas. The primary segment has five central matters, which are known as the focal subject. Every one of the five focuses ought to be clarified by starting your passage with a primary idea that clarifies the significant piece of the section.</p><p></p><p>In the subsequent segment, you should begin your passage by posting the five purposes of the fundamental segment and proceed by depicting the principle proposition proclamation. In the third area, you should give a portrayal of the creator's place of view.</p><p></p><p>Finally, you ought to depict the finishing up section and any end that may be pertinent. The last advance in the Collegeboard SAT exposition tests ought to be the end section. You ought t o painstakingly survey the example to recognize what is normal from you in your paragraph.</p><p></p><p>Another significant factor that ought to be considered is whether the model uses an unmistakable piece. As it were, you ought to guarantee that the content is anything but difficult to peruse and comprehend without forgetting about fundamental details.</p><p></p><p>Finally, contextual analysis models are valuable since they give a perception of how an understudy would approach composing an unpredictable composing task. As it were, you can gain from contextual investigations so you remember the most significant point in a section - to express the fundamental proposition of the paragraph.</p><p></p><p>These are only a portion of the things that you ought to recollect when utilizing the Collegeboard SAT article tests. Remember these tips and you will be well en route to acing this significant expertise that can h elp you in your school entrance exam.</p>

Best Buying Research Papers - Find the Best Colleges For College Textbooks

Best Buying Research Papers - Find the Best Colleges For College TextbooksBest Buying Research Papers is a new program that will help you to find the most highly discounted prices for college textbooks. The authors of this program say that the sites on which they are based will maintain an ethical approach, which means that you are guaranteed to find the cheapest price available, without compromising on the quality of the product.Today, many college students are now learning about the importance of obtaining as much information as possible when it comes to education. Furthermore, this is an era where money is no object. Students all over the world are longing to achieve their dream of going to college. This has led to the rise of numerous online universities as well as colleges that offer courses on a postgraduate level.With so many online degrees on offer today, finding the best degree programs is not always an easy task. In addition, being a graduate is an additional responsibility . You have to find your way out of a jam. In this case, it would be even more important to make sure that you have the best tools for the job.College textbooks can indeed be a burden to some students. Although there are many traditional and online schools offering these products, finding them at their best prices can be a challenge. One solution to this problem is to use an online shopping guide.Such sites like Best Buying Research Papers offer a comparison website that can help you find the best books at the lowest prices available. Such online guides can also help you find the best selection of college textbooks, as well as other study materials.This is certainly a good investment for those who do not want to compromise on the quality of the products. Best Buying Research Papers reviews suggest that this method of finding great deals for books and other study materials will offer you the opportunity to reduce your expenses while getting the right amount of information at a reduced cost.There are many sites on the internet that claim to offer a similar service. But it is important to note that some of these sites may only offer the same information and do not necessarily offer the best prices.Sites like Best Buying Research Papers provide reviews of the best-selling online course in every subject and give you a simple and straightforward way to compare the different courses offered by various universities. This is definitely the way to go if you want to find the best deals available for college textbooks.

How To Create Effective MBA Slide Presentation Essay Samples

How To Create Effective MBA Slide Presentation Essay SamplesMBA and Master of Business Administration (MBA) graduate with a bachelor's degree in Business Administration (BA) are regarded as career-oriented professionals. They are evaluated highly by prospective employers. There are many different approaches to creating the slide presentation essay samples, which a person may use.One approach is to develop an approach that suits the professional presentation style of the individual. For example, in a business context, presenting a slide with accuracy, clarity and simplicity is a plus point. There are some academic experts who state that the modern economy and the so-called international trend require that you create a business presentation with professional presentation style. For those who are corporate managers, they may have to study business presentation at some time.MBA graduates may be expected to look for an effective way to present a business presentation. It is important to p ay attention to the presentational aspects while putting together the slide presentation. Employers may check whether the applicant is able to present his/her paper with accurate information. In fact, your approach may influence the impression of your employer.Another factor is the availability of available references. Once your resume is submitted, the employer will be informed of your academic background and whether you have plenty of available references for your reference list. Some employers may be eager to see the resume and interview papers of the applicants and as such, they may want to compare the different papers to see which one suits the employee best.The fact that the number of candidates is limited and the odds are stacked against the possible takers, the potential employer may take it seriously if they find any problems in the presentation. Most of the employers are professional and they have some guidelines regarding presentation. It is important to follow these guid elines.The case study option is a good option if you don't have the time to make a presentation but want to give a comprehensive view of your past experiences. You can include details about your previous companies, research findings and also other issues. This may be an effective way to test the marketability. You can also check the availability of available references and the authenticity of the information.MBA and Master of Business Administration (MBA) graduate need to focus on making a powerful presentation. It is important to go beyond the basics and try to provide some extra info.

Race and Identity in Richard Wrights Black Boy - 2387 Words

Stephen Donato Professor Schmitz HSF 20 September 2012 Race and Identity in Richard Wright’s Black Boy Each and every person on this Earth today has an identity. Over the years, each individual creates their identity through past experiences, family, race, and many other factors. Race, which continues to cause problems in today’s world, places individuals into certain categories. Based on their race, people are designated to be part of a larger, or group identity instead of being viewed as a person with a unique identity. Throughout Richard Wright’s Black Boy, Richard is on a search for his true identity. Throughout Black Boy, one can see that Richard’s racial background assigns him with a certain identity or a certain way in which some†¦show more content†¦However, she is only doing this in order to help Richard survive in the future. By winning the right to the streets of Memphis, Richard is growing more independent. He no longer relies on his father to bring home food because he is not coming back, and he is able to stand up for himself when the time c omes. Richard becomes more independent throughout different experiences in Black Boy. Richard’s grandmother, a devoutly religious person, has an underlying grievance with Richard because he is not religious. Richard’s grandmother begins to shelter him by not buying him books which he needs for school. Richard explains, â€Å"I needed textbooks and had to wait for months to obtain them. Granny said that she would not buy worldly books for me† (Wright 143). In addition, Richard claims that his Granny always burned the books he had brought into the house, â€Å"branding them as worldly† (Wright 151). Richard needed money to buy his books, some new clothes, and lunch during the week at school. However, his grandmother continues to shelter him by not allowing him to work. When Richard asked to work on the weekends, Richard explains that â€Å"she laid down the injunction that I could not work on Saturdays while I slept under her roof† (Wright 147). Thes e two instances with his grandmother show Richard’s ambition. Richard wants to make something of himself, and does not want to sit back and live the usual life of a blackShow MoreRelated Richard Essay1302 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Richard Wright: Author of Black Boy† nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Richard Wright’s â€Å"Black Boy† depicts the different observations of the South and the North. In the South, Wright faces pre-depression and racism. In the North, Wright faces the conflicts from the Communist party. At the end of Black Boy, Wright quotes â€Å"What had I got out of living in the city? What had I got out of living in the South?†(Wright 452) nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Wright’s thought of the South was that the SouthRead More Racism in Richard Wrights Black Boy Essays878 Words   |  4 PagesRacism in Wrights Black Boy The theme of Richard Wrights autobiography Black Boy is racism. Wright grew up in the deep South; the Jim Crow South of the early twentieth century. From an early age Richard Wright was aware of two races, the black and the white. Yet he never understood the relations between the two races. The fact that he didnt understand but was always trying to, got him into trouble many times. When in Memphis, Wright reluctantly assumedRead MoreAnalysis Of Zora Neale Hurston s The Eyes Were Watching God Essay1690 Words   |  7 Pages Intersectionality is the study of identity that looks at how different aspects of identity intersect with each other to form specific and differing experiences of oppression. Zora Neale Hurston deals with the intersection of race and gender through the story of Janie in Their Eyes Were Watching God. However, rather than seeing the way in which Hurston deals with this intersection, the author Richard Wright claims, â€Å"The sensory sweep of her novel carries no theme, no message, no thought. In the mainRead MoreBlack Males In America Often Suffer The Consequences Of1318 Words   |  6 PagesBlack males in America often suffer the consequences of stereotypical judgment placed upon them. Because of the conventional image given to black males, they immediately have to deal with the repercussions of social inequality. In what some consider à ¢â‚¬Å"White America†, white males have always been thought to have white privilege. Black males have been abused for hundreds of years, dating way back to slavery which began in the 1600’s. In 1940, Richard Wright wrote a book that later became one of theRead More Essay on Race in Invisible Man and Black Boy1153 Words   |  5 PagesThe Question of Race in Invisible Man and Black Boy      Ã‚   In the early twentieth century black American writers started employing modernist ways of argumentation to come up with possible answers to the race question. Two of the most outstanding figures of them on both, the literary and the political level, were Richard Wright, the most important voice in black American literature for the first half of the twentieth century (Norton, 548) and his contemporary Ralph Ellison, one of the mostRead MoreThe Concept of a Free Country Essay1371 Words   |  6 Pagesindividual is faced with the daunting task of overcoming society’s demons. Oppression because of race, gender, or sexual orientation has pervaded the American culture since its very institution. Where there is oppression, only two options are available for those discriminated. People struggling to attain freedom in America are often faced with the decision to either conform to society and lose their identity or fight a violent battle against society in order to maintain t heir individual culture. Read MoreBlack Boy by Richard Wright Essay1816 Words   |  8 PagesRichard Wright’s memoir Black Boy (American Hunger): A Record of Childhood and Youth recounts the author’s personal experience growing up as an African American male in the Jim Crow South, as well as his initial years in the North in the late 1920s. While it is a personal account of one man’s life in this time period, Wright’s memoir also sheds light on the broader role of black men in American society in the early twentieth century, particularly with respect to race, gender, and class relationsRead MoreHeroic: Black Boy by Richard Wright1416 Words   |  6 PagesIn Richard Wright’s Black Boy, you see not only the transformation of a young boy going into adulthood, but a fascinating story of a hero on a journey to discover his true identity and his part in society. â€Å"Heroism is not about rising to the top, fighting for ones rightful place in society, but rather about maki ng ones society and ones self whole. There is, however, also the notion that the right person can solve even global problems single-handedly. If the right person attempts such a feat, itRead More Violence in Richard Wright’s Black Boy Essay3538 Words   |  15 PagesViolence in Richard Wright’s Black Boy Most literary works centering on adolescence do not depict it as the proverbial walk through the park; a smooth transition between the naivet6 and innocence of childhood to the morality and self -awareness of adulthood is an implausibility confined to the most basic of fairy tales and weekday morning children’s television programming. When analyzed in depth, the mat uration process of a human being is depicted almost always as some sort of struggleRead MoreMichael Omi And Howard Winant : Define And Break Down The Essential Information Behind This Theory Essay1192 Words   |  5 Pagesracial categories† (Omi and Winant 16). In essence, this theory frames the very meaning of â€Å"race† itself. The stereotypes of race are rooted deep within the contexts of history, allowing these concepts to be subject to gradual change over time. In addition to the original standards of racial formations, there have been other writings that parallel very closely to the ideas set forth by Omi and Winant. Richard Wright, Pem D. Buck, and Karen Brodkin are three notable authors that have excellently highlighted

Information Brochure for Teachers

Question: Discuss about theInformation Brochure for Teachers. Answer: Teenagers and Alcohol Use Alcohol consumption among the teens is increasingly becoming a problem not only in the western countries but also among the Africans and Asians. Hence, it is becoming a problem of endemic magnitude. Alcohol use is a choice one make as an adult but has various detrimental effects which include; loss of productivity, irresponsible driving, emotional and physical disability as well as reckless behaviors (Wilks, 2012). In additional, it is one of the leading causes of criminal behaviors among youths. The objective of this brochure is to identify alcohol use as one of the risks facing teenagers and seek to assist those already in the risk. Though alcohol consumption has severe problems to both old and young, society has always sent confusing signals to its teens. Media always portrays beer use among the peers as a virtue and a compulsory habit to safeguard friendship and good memories. Also, wine is manifested a romantic and privileged beverage, which is consumed in the ultimate luxury of expensive dcor, dim lights, and soft music. Spirits and hard drinks are unveiled as the ideal drink to be enjoyed in the company of the opposite sex (Pettigrew, 2015). The majority of people enjoys, laughs, and joke about alcohol abuse. Thus, alcohol use and abuse is unveiled as a socially accepted routine hence sending confusing ideas about alcohol to the teens and children. Interestingly, school curriculum teaches on the responsible use of alcohol but never of other substances such as heroin, marijuana, or cocaine. Society thus manifests its confusion on what its teens are to be taught on drugs. Facts about Alcohol Alcohol use among the teenager has many potential risks because the mind and the body of the teenager are still in the developing process hence very prone to the instant effects of alcohol use. Prior to discussing the risks associated with alcohol use the brochure will at first clarify some facts about alcohol and why teenagers use it (Brown Spirito, 2015). What is alcohol? Alcohol is understood as a drug that is absorbed into the bloodstreams from the stomach. Why is it referred as a drug? Because a drug is any substance when consumed alters the way the body functions under normal circumstances. What does alcohol affect in the body? Alcohol alters the functions of the central nervous system. Hence, affecting how one breaths, think, feels, and judge as well as behave. Is alcohol a stimulant or a depressant kind of a drug? Alcohol is a depressant because the more one drinks; one becomes drowsy as well as emotional. However, the majority of people confuse alcohol to be a stimulant drug due to the excitable attitude it evokes. Which are the different forms of alcohol? Alcohol is mainly in six different forms; that is, in the form of, cider, beer, wine, alcopops, spirits, and liqueur (Rundle-Thiele Dietrich, 2013). How Alcohol does affect those who drink? The effects of alcohol differ on different users because its effect depends on factors such as; what is drunk?, Who is drinking?, and the situation in which the drinking is taking place (Monti Tevyaw, 2012). How long does the effect of alcohol last? The effect of alcohol use is felt after seven to ten minutes after use and can last for hours depending on the amount consumed. From whom do teenagers learn to use Alcohol? Teens become aware of alcohol since infancy through various channels such as; their families, their society, television, and advertising. Research on alcohol and drug use has further indicated that, by the time one is five years of age he/she already has a formed attitude towards alcohol. Similarly, teens acquire an awareness of alcohol through, observation when in the family and with friends and through own experiences (McCreanor Hutton, 2013). Why does Teenager use Alcohol? Teenager may use alcohol for various reasons which include; To celebrate a special occasion such as a graduation, birthday, or exam results. To earn a rebel. To fight boredom. To feel order. To be accepted in a group and have an identity. To release stress may be after exam period or relationship break-up. To feel confident. To adjust to hard situations, or cope with rejection or issues of self-esteem or to relax. What are the Risks of Alcohol use Among the Teenager? Alcohol has numerous effects on teenagers and includes (Chisolm Marshal, 2014): Poor grades in school, alcohol affect memory thus teenager who uses alcohol have a short memory. Thus, they have difficulty in remembering what they have learned. Hangover is a consequence of alcohol poisoning. As a result one become dehydrated hence, suffer from a headache, and a feeling of sickness. Immoral behaviors and unsafe sex. Alcohol use leads to the poor judgment which leads teen to unsafe sex hence crisis of unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections. Development of mental health problems and Anti-social behaviors. Constant and heavy drinking leads to brain damage thus resulting in mental problems and anti-social behaviors. Premature deaths. Alcohol contributes to road accidents, violence, and suicide tendencies hence risking the life of teenagers. How does one Assist a Teenager who is using Alcohol? One may request the Teenager not to drink and advice him/her to read on the risks of alcohol use. One may suggest they opt for non-alcoholic drinks. As a parent, one must set rules that control the teen's movement. Advice a drinking teen never to drink and drive. As a parent, one must be patient with a drinking teen and contemplate sending him/her to a rehabilitation center. Assist the Teen to develop other hobbies and interest apart from drinking. Show them love and care a parent and wait till they are sober to discuss their drinking habit. In the case of danger when the teen is drunk call for an ambulance and accompany them to the hospital (Pape Storvoll, 2015). In conclusion, it important to note that it is against the law for a teenager below the age of eighteen years buy and drink alcohol either in public or in private. Furthermore, it is a crime for a teenager to pretend to be over eighteen years with the intention of buying alcohol. Similarly, it is a criminal offense for an adult to alcoholic drinks to teenager. References Brown, L., Lobato, D., Barrett, R., Freeman, J., Horowitz, K., Hunt, J., ... Spirito, A. (2015). Drinking in teens. The Brown University Child and Adolescent Behavior Letter. Chisolm, D. J., Manganello, J. A., Kelleher, K. J., Marshal, M. P. (2014). Healthliteracy, alcohol expectancies, and alcohol use behaviors in teens. Patient education and counseling, 97(2), 291-296. McCreanor, T., Lyons, A., Griffin, C., Goodwin, I., Moewaka Barnes, H., Hutton, F. (2013). Youth drinking cultures, social networking and alcohol marketing: Implications for public health. Critical public health, 23(1), 110-120. Monti, P. M., Colby, S. M., Tevyaw, T. A. L. (Eds.). (2012). Adolescents, alcohol, andsubstance abuse: Reaching teens through brief interventions. Guilford Press. Pape, H., Rossow, I., Storvoll, E. E. (2015). Is drinking with parents associated with high-risk drinking among adolescents?. European addiction research, 21(6), 291-299. Pettigrew, S., Biagioni, N., Jones, S. C., Daube, M., Kirby, G., Stafford, J., Chikritzhs,(2015). Sales promotion strategies and youth drinking in Australia. Social Science Medicine, 141, 115-122. Rundle-Thiele, S., Russell-Bennett, R., Leo, C., Dietrich, T. (2013). Moderating teendrinking: combining social marketing and education. Health Education, 113(5), 392-406. Wilks, J. (2012). Drinking among teenagers in Australia: research findings, problems and prospects. Australian Drug and Alcohol Review, 6(3), 207-226.

Physical Cognitive Development of Adolescence free essay sample

Daniel Offer – healthy self images of adolescents were displayed * Personal experience + medial portrayals = public attitudes * Acting out and boundary testing are an adolescent’s way of accepting rather than rejecting parents’ values * Life course is influenced by ethnic, cultural, gender, socioeconomic age, and lifestyle differences Physical Changes . Puberty * Period of rapid physical maturation * Hormonal and bodily changes in early adolescence * Ends long before adolescence does * Signs of sexual maturation and increase in height and weight 2. Sexual maturation, height and weight * Male pubertal changes * Increase in penis and testicle size, straight pubic hair, minor voice change, first ejaculation (masturbation), kinky * Pubic hair, maximum growth in height and weight, armpit hair growth, detectable voice changes, facial hair growth * Female pubertal changes Enlarged breasts, pubic hair, armpit hair, increase in height, wider hips than shoulders, no voice change * Menarche – first menstruation (late in pubertal cycle) * May be irregular and not ovulate until after a year or two * Breasts are rounder * Weight * Girls overweight boys until age 14 when boys surpass them * Height * Girls are the same height until middle school years * Growth spurt (beginning) – girls: 9; boys: 11 * Growth spurt (peak) – girls: 11 ? ; boys: 13 ? * Increase in height – girls: 3 ? ; boys: 4 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Physical Cognitive Development of Adolescence or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Hormonal changes Hormones – powerful chemical substances secreted by the endocrine gland via bloodstream * Testosterone – development of genitals, height and a change in voice * Estradiol – breast, uterine, and skeletal development * Hormone-behavior link is complex 4. Timing and variations in puberty * Pubertal sequences * Boys: 10-13 ? until 13-17 * Girls: 9-15 * Precocious puberty – very early and onset of puberty * Before 8 years (girls) and before 9 years (boys) * 10 times more in girls * Treated by medically suppressive gonadotropic secretions * Short stature, early sexual capability, and engaging in age-inappropriate behavior . Body image * Preoccupied with bodies – especially in early adolescents (dissatisfaction) * Gender differences * Girls: less happy and have more negative body images – body fat increases * Boys: more happy – muscle mass increases 6. Early and late maturation * Boys * Early: self-views are positive; successful peer relations * Late: (at 30) stronger sense of identity * Girls * Early: greater satisfaction with figures; more age-inappropriate behavior * Late: (10th grade) are more satisfied than early-maturing girls; taller and thinner The Brain * Connections that are used are strengthened while those are not are replaced by other pathways – â€Å"pruning† * Fewer, more selective effective neuronal connections * Activities of the adolescent affects the neural connections to be strengthened or destroyed * Corpus callosum (fibers connecting the left and right hemispheres) thickens – improves ability to process information * Prefrontal cortex (highest level of frontal lobes) – ends 18-25 years of age * Amygdala (seat of emotions) matures earlier ADOLESCENT SEXUALITY 1. Developing a sexual identity * Learning to manage sexual feelings and skills to regulate sexual behavior to avoid undesirable consequences * Sexual identity – physical, social and cultural factors * Activities, interests, styles of behaviors, orientation * Recognition of sexual orientation (mid-late adolescence) 2. Risk factors in adolescent sexual behavior Still not emotionally prepared to handle sexual experiences * Linked with: drug use, delinquency, and school related problems * Factors: alcohol use, early menarche, poor parent-child communication, socioeconomic status, low level of parent monitoring, peers * Prevention: better academic achievement, maternal communication 3. Contraceptive use * Risks: unwanted pregnancy and STDs – prevented with contraceptives * Increase contraceptive use but many still do not use/ inconsistent use 4. Sexually transmitted infections Contracted through sexual contact – oral-genital and anal-genital * Go norrhea and chlamydia 5. Adolescent pregnancy * Perpetual intergenerational cycle – daughters of teenage mothers were 66% more likely to become teenage mothers themselves * Outcomes * Health risks: low birth weights, neurological and childhood illness * Mothers drop out of school, never catch up economically with women who postpone childbearing, come from SES backgrounds, low achievement * Benefits: age-appropriate family-life education (life skills) ISSUES IN ADOLESCENT HEALTH Adolescent Health 1. Nutrition and exercise * Living on fast food meals contributes to high fat levels * Individuals become less active – risk of depression, drug use * Television, computers * Good eating habits: regular family meals * Regular exercise (9-16 years) has a positive effect on the weight status, reduced triglyceride levels, lower blood pressure, and lower risk of type 2 diabetes, 2. Sleep patterns Older adolescents get inadequate sleep (less than 8 hours) than younger adolescents * More tired, cranky, sleepy, and irritable * Sleeps in class, be in depressive mood, drink caffeinated drinks * Not due to work or social pressures – biological clock undergoes a shift (pineal gland and melatonin) * Sleep deficit: making up for loss sleep in the weekends * Average of 9 hours and 25 mins (if given the chance) 3. Leading causes of death in adolescence * Accidents, homicides, suicides 15-24 years of age: unintentional injuries – mot or vehicle accidents * Risky driving habits and DUI of alcohol or drugs Substance Use and Abuse – alcohol, cigarette, drugs 1. The roles of development, parents, peers and education * 8-42 years: early onset of drinking is linked to binge-drinking in middle age * Parental monitoring, eating dinner with family, more peers, educational success Eating Disorders 1. Anorexia nervosa – eating disorder involving relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation * Can lead to death Weight less than 85% of BMI, intense fear of gaining weight, distorted image of their body shape * Never feel thin enough – weight self frequently: taking body measurements and looking critically self in the mirror * Early-middle adolescent after dieting and type of life stress * 10 x in females than males * Distorted body images, family conflict * Set high standards, stressed if not met and have insecurity issues * Turn to something they can control: weight * Factors: media, family, genetics * Treatment: family therapy 2. Bulimia nervosa – individual consistently follows a binge-purge pattern (using laxative/ self-induced vomiting) * Twice a week for three months * Pre-occupied with food, strong fear of being overweight, depressed/ anxious, have a distorted body images * Difficult to detect * Factors: being overweight before, dieting * Late adolescent-early adulthood ADOLESCENT COGNITION Piaget’s Theory 1. Formal operational stage * More abstract * Not limited to actual, concrete experiences for thought * Make believe situations, abstract propositions and events, purely hypothetical, logical reasoning * Verbal problem solving activity Logical inferences can be solved through verbal presentation * Increased tendency to think about thought itself * Enhanced focus on thought and its abstract qualities * Idealistic thoughts * Extended speculation of ideal characteristics – qualities they desire, social comparisons * Thoughts are fantasy flights into future possibilities * Logical thou ghts * Hypothetical-deductive reasoning – creating a hypothesis and deducing its implications * Steps, trial and error, devising plans 2. Adolescent egocentrism – heightened self-consciousness * Elkind: (2) key components ) Imaginary audience – belief that others are as interested in them 2) Personal fable – sense of uniqueness and invulnerability 3. Information processing * Kuhn: Executive functioning – higher order cognitive activities * More effective learning * Variation in cognitive functioning 4. Decision making – which friends to choose, which person to date, etc * Generate different options, examine a situation, anticipate consequences, consider the credibility of sources * Emotions play a role in decision making * Social context – substances and temptations are available * Dual process model Decision making is influenced by two cognitive systems: 1) Analytical 2) Experiential – monitoring and managing actual experiences 5. Critical thinking – mature when fundamental skills have developed SCHOOLS The Transition to Middle or Junior High School * Top dog phenomenon – moving from oldest amp; most powerful to being the youngest and least powerful * Less stressful with positive relationships with peers, more committed to school, have team-oriented schools * Feel more grown up, have more subjects to select, have more opportunities with peers, enjoy independence High School Higher expectations and better supp ort * Effective programs to discourage drop-outs: early reading programs, tutoring, counseling, and mentoring * Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation: keep students at risk with the same teachers throughout their high school years * Programs: I have a Dream (IHAD) – comprehensive dropout prevention program Extracurricular Activities * Wide array of activities – after school hours sponsored by the school/ community * Promotes positive adolescent development – competent, supportive adult mentors, opportunities for increasing school connectedness, etc Service Learning * Form of education that promotes social responsibility and service to the community * Tutoring, helping older adults, working in a hospital, etc * Adolescents become less self-centered, more motivated to help others * Education out in the community * Effects: Higher grades in academics, increased goal setting, higher self-esteem, improved sense of being able to make a difference for others Socioemotional Development in Adolescence SELF, IDENTITY, AND RELIGIOUS SPRITUAL DEVELOPMENT Self Esteem * Self-esteem – overall way we evaluate ourselves Drops in adolescence – negative body images in girls * Lack of self-esteem: poorer mental and physical health, worse economic prospects, higher levels of criminal behavior * Perceptions do not always match reality * Justified perceptions of one’s worth and successes * Indicate arrogance, grandiose,, unwanted sense of superiority * Low self esteem: Insecurity and inferiority * Narcissism – excessively self centered and self concerned approach towards others * Unaware of actual self and how they are perceived * Contributes to adjustment problems Identity 1. What is an identity? Self-portrait of oneself including vocational, political, religious, relationship, intellectual, sexual, cultural, interests, personality and physical identity * Development is gradual, not neat 2. Erikson’s view * First to correlate identity to adolescent development * Identity versus identity confusion – deciding who they are, what they are, and where they are going life * Psychosocial moratorium – gap between childhood security and adult autonomy * Free of responsibilities and free to try out different identities * Experiment with different roles and personalities Identity confusion – withdrawal, isolation, or immersion (into the crowd) 3. Developmental changes * James Marcia – four statuses of identity or ways to resolve identity crisis * Crisis – exploring alternatives * Commitment – personal investment in identity * Four statuses of identity: 1) Identity diffusio n – neither experienced a crisis nor made any commitments * Undecided about choices, no direction 2) Identity foreclosure – already made a commitment but have not experienced a crisis * Parents dictate future ) Identity moratorium – midst of a crisis but commitments are either absent or vaguely defined * Know what they want, no idea how to attain * No means of attaining 4) Identity achievement – undergone a crisis and made a commitment 4. Emerging adulthood and beyond * Emerging adulthood: 18-25 years old * Develop â€Å"MAMA† cycles – identity status changes from moratorium to achievement to moratorium to achievement * College produce key changes in identity – new experiences between the home, peers, school 5. Ethnic identity – enduring aspect of the self; sense of membership along with attitudes, feelings * Bicultural identity – identify in some ways with their ethnic group and in other ways with the majority culture Religious and Spiritual Development 1. Religion and identity development * Logical questioning regarding religion 2. Cognitive development and religion in adolescence * Piaget’s theory influences religion development * Think more abstractly, idealistically, logically – ability to develop hypotheses and systematically sort through answers regarding spirituality 3. The positive role of religion in adolescent’s life * Adopt religion’s message about caring and concern for people * Positive outcomes – less likely to smoke, do drugs, and drink FAMILIES Autonomy and Attachment 1. The push for autonomy * To show who is responsible for successes and failures * Predicts how strong an adolescent’s desires are * Acquired through appropriate adult reactions to their desire for control * Parent relinquishes control but guides the adolescent to make reasonable decisions * Gradually acquire the ability to make mature decisions 2. The role of attachment Securely attached at 14 years are more likely to stay in an exclusive relationship with intimacy, has financial independence (21 years) 3. Balancing freedom and control * Staying connected with families – having dinner five or more days a week Parent-Adolescent Conflict * Escalates in early adolescence until high school years * Lessens at 17-20 years * Positive developmental function – minor disputes and negotiations facilitate adolescent’s transition from being dependent on their parents to become an autonomous individual PEERS Friendships * Important in meeting social needs No close friendships, experience loneliness and reduce sense of self-worth * Early adolescence – need of intimacy * Dependent more on friends than families (companionship, reassurance of worth, and intimacy) * Gossips – negative comments about others * Relational aggression – spreading disparaging rumors to harm someone Peer Groups 1. Peer pressure – young adolescents conform more to peer standards 2. Cliques and crowds * Cliques – small groups (2-12 individuals), same-sex, about the same age * Crowds – larger than cliques and less personal; based on reputation Dating and Romantic Relationships (Conolly and McIsaac) – development of romantic relationship in adolescence 1. Romantic attractions and affiliations (11-13) – triggered by puberty; intensely interested in romance, may conversations with same-sex friends 2. Exploring romantic relationships (14-16) – Casual (individuals mutually attracted) and Dating in groups (peer context, friends often as a third-party) 3. Consolidating dyadic romantic bonds (17-19) – more serious romantic relationships develop; strong, stable and enduring emotional bonds (1 or more years) Dating in gay and lesbian youth To clarify their sexual orientation or disguise it from others * Have had same-sex sexual experiences – â€Å"experimenting† ADOLESCENT PROBLEMS Juvenile Delinquency – adolescent who breaks the law or engages in behavior that is considered illegal Interrelation of Problems and Successful Prevention and Intervention Programs 1. Intensive individualiz ed attention – high risk adolescent is paired with a responsible adult, who gives him attention and addresses specific needs 2. Community wide multiagency collaborative approaches – 3. Early identification and intervention

The Crimes of Suzanne Basso

The Crimes of Suzanne Basso Suzanne Basso and five co-defendants, including her son, kidnapped a 59-year-old mentally disabled man, Louis Buddy Musso, then tortured and murdered him so that they could collect on his life insurance money. Basso was identified as the ringleader of the group and instigated the others to torture their captive. An Unidentified Body On August 26, 1998, a jogger discovered the body in Galena Park, Texas. Based on the observations of the police, when they arrived at the scene, they determined that the victim had been killed elsewhere, and then dumped on the embankment. He showed severe injuries, yet his clothing was clean. There was no identification found on the body. In an effort to identify the victim, investigators reviewed missing person files and learned that a woman by the name of Suzanne Basso had recently filed a report. When a detective went to her apartment to see if the victim found in Galena Park was the same person that Basso had reported as missing, he was met at the door by Bassos son, 23-year-old James OMalley. Basso was not at home, but returned shortly after the detective arrived. While the detective talked to Basso, he noticed that there were bloody sheets and clothing on a makeshift bed on the floor of the living room. He asked her about it and she explained that the bed belonged to the man she had reported as missing, but she did not explain the blood. She and her son James then accompanied the investigator to the morgue to view the body of the victim. They identified the body as   Louis Musso, the man she had filed a police report as a missing person., The detective noticed that, while Basso appeared to be hysterical on viewing the body, her son James showed no emotion when he saw the horrific condition of the body of their murdered friend. Quick Confession Having identified the body, mother and son accompanied the detective to the police station to complete the report. Within minutes after the detective began talking to OMalley he confessed that he, his mother and four others- Bernice Ahrens, 54, her son, Craig Ahrens, 25, her daughter, Hope Ahrens, 22, and her daughters boyfriend, Terence Singleton, 27, all participated in beating Buddy Musso to death. OMalley told investigators that his mother was the one that planned the murder and spearheaded the others to kill Musso by administering brutal beatings over a period of five days. He said that he was terrified of his mother, so he did as she instructed. He also admitted to dunking Musso four or five times in a bathtub filled with household cleaning products and bleach. Basso poured alcohol over his head while OMalley scrubbed him bloody with a wire brush. It remained unclear if Musso was dead or in the process of dying during the chemical bath. OMalley also provided information about where the group had ditched evidence of the murder. Investigators found   items that were used to clean up the murder scene that included bloodstained clothes worn by Musso at the time of his death, plastic gloves, bloodstained towels, and used razors. Wooed to His Death According to court records, Musso had been widowed in 1980 and had a son. Through the years he became mentally disabled and had the intelligence of a 7-year-old child, but had learned to live independently. He was living in an assisted living home in Cliffside Park, New Jersey and had a part-time job at ShopRite. He also attended church where he had a strong network of friends who cared about his welfare. Police discovered that, two months after the death of her live-in boyfriend, Suzanne Basso, who was living in Texas, met Buddy Musso at a church fair while she was on a trip to New Jersey. Suzanne and Buddy kept up a long-distance relationship for a year. Basso finally convinced Musso to move away from his family and friends to Jacinto City, Texas, on the promise that the two would marry. In mid-June 1998, wearing a new cowboy hat he had purchased for the occasion, he packed up his few belongings, said goodbye to his friends, and left New Jersey to be with his lady love. He was brutally murdered 10 weeks and two days later. Evidence On September 9, investigators searched Bassos Jacinto City small cluttered home. Within the mess, they found a life insurance policy on Buddy Musso with a base payout of $15,000 and a clause that increased the policy to $65,000 if his death was judged a violent crime. The detectives also found Mussos Last Will and Testament. He had left his property and his life insurance benefits to Basso. His Will also read that no one else was to get a cent. James OMalley, Terrence Singleton, and Bernice Ahrens signed as witnesses. They would all assist in his murder. The detectives found a   hard copy of Musso’s Will written in 1997, but the more recent copy of his Will on a computer was dated August 13, 1998, just 12 days before Musso would be murdered. Bank statements were found showing that Basso had been cashing Mussos Social Security checks. Further documents indicated that Basso had   tried unsuccessfully to arrange to take over the management of Mussos monthly Social Security income. It appeared as if someone had fought the request, possibly Mussos niece who was close to him, or his trusted friend Al Becker, who had been handling his benefits for 20 years. There was also a copy of a restraining order forbidding Mussos relatives or friends from making contact with him. More Confessions Each of the six perpetrators confessed to different degrees of involvement in Mussos murder and the attempted cover-up afterwards. They also all admitted to ignoring Mussos cries for help. In a written statement, Basso stated that she knew that her son and several friends beat and abused Musso for at least a full day before his death, and that she also beat Musso. She confessed to driving a car belonging to Bernice Ahrens, with Musso’s body in the trunk, to the site where O’Malley, Singleton, and Craig Ahrens dumped the body and then to a dumpster where the others disposed of additional incriminating evidence. Bernice Ahrens and Craig Aherns admitted to hitting Musso, but said Basso was the one pushing them to do it. Bernice told the police, (Basso) said we had to make a pact, that we cant say anything about what happened. She said if we get mad at each other we cant say anything. Terence Singleton confessed to hitting and kicking Musso, but pointed the finger at Basso and her son James as responsible for administering the final blows that caused his death. Hope Ahrens’ statement was the most odd, not so much in reference to what she said, but because of her actions. According to the police, Hope said that she was unable to read or write and demanded a meal before giving her statement. After scarfing down a TV dinner, she told police that she hit Musso twice with a wooden bird after he broke her Mickey Mouse ornament and because he wanted her and her mother to die. When he asked her to stop hitting him, she stopped. She also pointed most of the blame to Basso and OMalley, who, corroborating statements by Bernice and Craig Aherns, who had administered the final blows that caused his death. When the police attempted to read her statement back to her, she brushed it off and asked for another TV dinner. Lost Opportunities Not long after Musso moved to Texas, his friend Al Becker tried to contact him to check on his welfare, but Suzanne Basso refused to put Musso on the phone. Concerned, Becker contacted different Texas agencies requesting that they conduct a welfare check on Musso, but his requests   were never answered. A week before the murder, a neighbor saw Musso and noticed that he had a black eye, bruises and bloody cuts on his face. He asked Musso if he wanted him to call for an ambulance or the police, but Musso only said, You call anybody, and shell just beat me up again.   The neighbor did not make the call. On August 22, just days before the murder, a Houston police officer responded to a call of an assault going on near Jacinto City. Arriving on the scene, he found Musso being led around by James OMalley, and Terence Singleton in what the officer described as a military-style run. The officer noted that both of Musso eyes were blackened. When questioned, Musso said three Mexicans had beat him up. He also said he did not want to run anymore. The officer drove the three men to Terrence Singletons apartment where he met Suzanne Basso who said she was Mussos legal guardian. Basso reprimanded the two young men and comforted Musso. Assuming Musso was in safe hands, the officer left. Later, a note found in a pair of Mussos pants was addressed to a friend in New Jersey.   You must get ... down here and get me out of here, the note read. I want to come back to New Jersey soon. Apparently Musso never had a chance to mail the letter. Five Days of Hell The abuse that Masso endured prior to his death was detailed in courtroom testimony. After arriving in Houston, Basso immediately began treating Musso as a slave. He was assigned a long list of chores and would receive a beating if he failed to move quickly enough or complete the list. On August 21-25, 1998, Musso was denied food, water or a toilet and was forced to sit on his knees on a mat on the floor with his hands on the back of his neck for long periods of time. When he urinated on himself, he was beaten by Basso or kicked by her son James. He was subjected to violent beatings administered by Craig Ahrens and Terence Singleton. He was abused by Bernice and Hope Ahrens. The beating included being hit multiple times with a belt, baseball bats, punched with closed fists, kicked, and struck with other objects that were around the apartment. As a result of the beatings, Musso died on the evening of August 25. In a seven-page autopsy report, numerous injuries on Mussos body were cataloged. They included 17 cuts to his head, 28 cuts to the rest of his body, cigarette burns, 14 broken ribs, two dislocated vertebrae, a broken nose, a fractured skull, and a fractured bone in his neck. There was evidence that blunt force trauma extended from the bottom of his feet to his upper torso, including his genitals, eyes and ears. His body has been soaked in bleach and pine cleaner and his body was scrubbed with a wire brush. The Trials The six members of the group were charged with capital murder, but the prosecutors only sought the death penalty for Basso. James OMalley and Terence Singleton were convicted of capital murder and given life sentences.Bernice and her son Craig Ahrens were convicted of capital murder. Bernice received an 80-year prison sentence and Craig received a 60-year sentence. Hope Ahrens trial ended in hung jury. She worked out a plea deal and was sentenced to 20 years in prison after pleading guilty to murder and agreeing to testify against Basso. Suzanne Bassos Trial Performance By the time Basso went to trial 11 months after her arrest, she had dropped from 300 pounds to 140 pounds. She showed up in a wheelchair which she said was a result of being partially paralyzed after receiving a beating from her jailers. Her lawyer later said it was due to a chronic degenerative condition. She mimicked the voice of a little-girl, saying she had regressed to her childhood. She also claimed she was blind. She lied about her life story which included tales that she was a triplet and that she was having an affair with Nelson Rockefeller. She would later admit it was all a lie. She was granted a competency hearing and the court-appointed psychiatrist who interviewed her testified that she was a fake. The judge ruled that she was competent to stand trial. Each day that Basso appeared in court she looked disheveled and would often grumble to herself during testimony or squeal and wail if she heard something that she did not like. Hope Ahrens Testimony Along with the evidence found by investigators, the testimony given by Hope Ahrens was likely the most damaging.   Hope Ahrens testified that Basso and O’Malley brought Musso to the Ahrens apartment and that he had two black eyes, which he claimed he got when some Mexicans beat him up. After arriving at the apartment, Basso ordered Musso to stay on a red and blue mat. Sometimes she had him on his hands and knees, and sometimes just on his knees. At some point during the weekend, Basso and O’Malley began beating Musso. Basso slapped him, and O’Malley kicked him repeatedly while wearing steel-toed combat boots. Hope Ahrens also testified that Basso hit Musso on the back with a baseball bat, hit him with a belt, and a vacuum cleaner, and jumped on him. Testimony was given that Basso weighed about 300 pounds at the time that she jumped repeatedly onto Musso while it was obvious that he was suffering from pain. When Basso went to work, she instructed O’Malley to watch the others and make sure they did not leave the apartment or use the phone. Each time that Musso tried to get off the mat, O’Malley beat and kicked at him. After Musso sustained injuries from the beating, O’Malley took him into the bathroom and bathed him with bleach, Comet and Pine Sol, using a wire brush to scrub Musso’s skin. At some point, Musso asked Basso to call an ambulance for him, but she refused. Ahrens testified that Musso was moving very slowly and was clearly in pain from the beatings. Verdict The jury found Basso guilty of capital murder for murdering Musso during the course of kidnapping or attempting to kidnap him, and for remuneration or the promise of remuneration in the form of insurance proceeds. During the sentencing phase, Bassos daughter, Christianna Hardy, testified that during her childhood Suzanne had subjected her to sexual, mental, physical and emotional abuse. Suzanne Basso was sentenced to death. Profile of Suzanne Basso Basso was born on May 15, 1954, in Schenectady, New York to parents John and Florence Burns. She had seven brothers and sisters. Few real facts are known about her life because she often lied. What is known is that she married a Marine, James Peek, in the early 1970s and that they had two children, a girl (Christianna) and a boy (James). In 1982 Peek was convicted of molesting his daughter, but the family later reunited. They changed their name to OReilly and moved to Houston. Carmine Basso In 1993 Suzanne and a man named Carmine Basso became romantically involved. Carmine owned a company called Latin Security and Investigations Corp. At some point he moved into Bassos apartment, even though her husband, James Peek, was still living there. She never divorced Peek, but referred to Carmine as her husband and began using Basso as her last name. Peek eventually moved out of the home. On October 22, 1995, Suzanne placed a bizarre quarter-page engagement announcement in the Houston Chronicle. It announced that the bride, whose name was listed as Suzanne Margaret Anne Cassandra Lynn Theresa Marie Mary Veronica Sue Burns-Standlinslowsk   was engaged to Carmine Joseph John Basso. The announcement claimed the bride was an heiress to a Nova Scotia oil fortune, educated at Saint Annes Institute in Yorkshire, England and had been an accomplished gymnast and at one time even a nun. Carmine Basso was reported to have received a Congressional Medal of Honor for his duty in the Vietnam War. The ad was retracted three days later by the newspaper due to â€Å"possible inaccuracies.† The $1,372 fee for the ad had gone unpaid. Basso sent Carmines mother a letter claiming that she had given birth to twin girls. She included a picture, which the mother later said was obviously a picture of a child looking into a mirror. On May 27, 1997, Basso called the Houston police, claiming that she was in New Jersey, and asked that they check on her husband in Texas. She had not heard from him for a week. Going to his office, police found Carmines body. They also found several trash cans filled with feces and urine. There was no restroom in the office. According to the autopsy, Carmine, age 47, was malnourished and died from erosion of the esophagus due to the regurgitation of stomach acid. The medical examiner reported that there was a strong smell of ammonia on the body. It was listed that he died from natural causes. Execution On February 5, 2014, Suzanne Basso was executed by lethal injection at the Huntsville Unit of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice. She declined to make a final statement.